The former player: 'I really wanted to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece includes descriptions of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has given significant attention on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on building inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to reach children in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with free sports coaching, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I grab the bull by the horns and keep bearing this banner and continue supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022